![]() ![]() ![]() In recent years, even higher-level development platforms have emerged. With successive generations of programming languages, even these lower-level tasks were hidden from the programmer. Programmers still had to concern themselves with certain low-level tasks such as memory management that were operating-system specific. These were processor-specific and enabled programmers to focus on program logic and flow. Higher up the food chain were procedural languages such as COBOL, FORTRAN, Pascal, and C. Both levels were also specific to a type of processor programming a computer with a different manufacturer’s processor meant learning a whole new language. ![]() At a somewhat higher level was assembly language, which hid much of the processor-level instructions but was still painstaking, easy to mess up, and hard to debug. Once upon a time, computer programming was done in “machine language ” the low-level instructions that told the computer’s processor exactly what to do. ![]()
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